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电梯润滑以及对润滑油性能的要求

2024-01-12

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电梯设备中需要润滑的部位较多,主要有曳引齿轮箱、钢丝绳、导轨、液压缓冲器和轿门门机等部件。

各类电梯的主要组成有所不同,但通常都包括八大组成部分:曳引系统、导向系统、轿厢、门系统、重量平衡系统、电力拖动系统、电气控制系统、安全保护系统。

电梯总的分为升降电梯和自动扶梯两大类。各类电梯的主要组成有所不同,但通常都包括八大组成部分:曳引系统、导向系统、轿厢、门系统、重量平衡系统、电力拖动系统、电气控制系统、安全保护系统。升降电梯的主要机器大多设在顶部,包括电机及控制系统,电机转动通过齿轮或(及)滑轮,作为机箱及对重装置上下移动的动力。控制系统控制电机的运行及其它操作,包括控制升降电梯开动及制动,以及安全监控等。

对于有齿曳引式电梯,其曳引系统减速齿轮箱的作用是降低曳引机输出转速,增大输出扭矩。曳引系统减速齿轮箱结构有多种,常用的有涡轮蜗杆式、伞齿轮式和行星齿轮式。涡轮蜗杆式曳引机涡轮大多采用耐磨青铜,蜗杆采用表面渗碳淬火的合金钢,蜗杆传动齿面间的滑动较大,齿面接触时间较长,摩擦磨损情况突出。所以,不管是那一种涡轮蜗杆传动,都有极压抗磨的问题。

同样,伞齿轮式和行星齿轮式曳引机也有极压抗磨的问题。此外,用于曳引机的油品应在低温下有良好的流动性,在高温下要有较好的氧化安定性和热安定性。所以,有齿曳引机的减速齿轮箱用油通常选择粘度为VG320和VG460的涡轮蜗杆齿轮油,这类润滑油也可用作自动扶梯链条的润滑。抗磨润滑性能得到极大的提升,在金属表面形成极强的油膜,长时间粘附在金属表面,有效地减少金属间的摩擦,使齿轮在起动时立刻得到良好的润滑保护作用。齿轮润滑油具有优良的抗水性、抗氧化性和具有极强的粘附性,能改善齿轮箱(蜗轮箱)的密封性,减少渗油。

对曳引机减速齿轮箱的用油,一般电梯减速齿轮箱各机件和轴承温度应小于60℃,机箱内的油温不得超过85℃,用油应根据电梯的不同型号、功能选用不同牌号的润滑油,同时应注意加油量、油温及漏油情况。

来源:bike电梯

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