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注塑机各部位的润滑特点和方法

2024-10-12

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注塑机一般由注射装置、合模装置、机架、变速箱、液压和电气系统等主要部件组合而成。在注塑过程中,注塑机既有机械设备的回转、直线和螺旋运动,也有液压设备的动能传递,还有电加热装置的热能转换,这就给润滑工作提出了较多的要求。当然,对于注塑机的润滑我们可以按运动方式分别遵循机械设备、液压设备和电加热设备润滑的通则进行,但有些部件(如注射部件及变速箱等)就需综合考虑,采用混合润滑的方法。

一、手动或半自动塑料注射成型机的润滑

1.齿轮变速箱的润滑

变速箱的任何故障都将影响到加工的质量和数量。对箱内的经淬硬处理的正齿轮和调质轴应保证均匀可靠的润滑油膜,一般采用油杯和飞溅润滑法即可满足润滑要求。

2.注射部件的润滑

注射部件的作用是经电加热圈,使塑料受热均匀达到注射温度,由压料杆螺旋加压形成注塑压力。压料杆的润滑一般采用油杯、油绳等润滑方法。

3.锁模部分的润滑

锁模部件由皮带轮、丝杠、螺母、虎钳等组成。调整虎钳一侧上的撞块位置与机座上的行程开关相配合,控制丝杆进给行程,使虎钳达到开模与合模。因丝杆、螺母摩擦结点较小,油膜容易被挤裂,因此润滑油应具有较好的油性,一般采用L-AN46油或HL液压油通过油杯、油绳润滑。

4.机座部分的润滑

机座上的滑动导轨一般用铸铁制成。因导轨承受的负荷及速度都不大,故用矿物润滑油即可保证一定的边界油膜。一般用手轻轻接触导轨面后,能在手上看到油迹即认为在导轨面上已经维持了一层油膜。

二、自动液压注塑机的润滑

这种注塑机的特点是:自动化程度高、性能稳定,并有电气、液压联锁保护装置,精度高、结构较复杂。

1.注射部分的润滑

由于这部分是完成注射双油缸拉动预塑变速齿轮箱,经齿轮箱推动螺杆,将均匀塑化的塑料射入膜腔内,实行注射成型的关键部件。运动比较频繁,又有电加热装置,必须严格执行润滑制度。本部分的主要润滑部位:

⑴ 注射座与机架导轨面上加L-AN46全损耗系统用油,每班一次。

⑵ 齿轮箱底部(滚柱)导轨面上加L-AN46全损耗系统用油,每班一次。

⑶ 回转中心加油脂,约0.3L。

⑷ 变速齿轮箱内加L-AN46全损耗系统用油约10L。

2.移模部件的润滑

移模采用液压动力,选用直压式充液装置,结构简单,动作可靠,润滑点少。主要是保证在四根导柱上形成润滑油膜,可用L-AN46机械油通过油杯、油绳润滑。

3.电动机的润滑

自动液压注塑机多数都是由多台电动机驱动,在进行日常润滑时,电动机应按照要求进行润滑。

(来源:注塑帮)

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