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叉车万向传动装置怎么修?

2024-10-19

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叉车万向传动装置主要用在两轴线不重合,且在叉车运行中,不断改变相对位置的轴之间的动力传递。用在负荷较大的叉车上,变速器与驱动桥之间的连接,以及叉车发动机与油泵之间的连接等。叉车万向传动装置是由万向节叉、十字轴总成等所组成,其作用是将变速器动力传递至主减速器。传动轴传递扭矩大,速度高,工作繁重。因此,虽然其结构并不复杂,但技术要求却很高。否则会出现抖震、发响,脱落和断轴现象。

叉车万向传动装置应该不紧不旷,螺栓齐全紧固,装配角度正确,润滑良好,行驶中不抖动,无异响。因此在叉车使用中,应认真做好传动轴的养护,发现问题必须及时处理。

叉车行驶中,传动轴要承受很大的扭矩和冲击载荷,同时作高速转动,伴随不断的振动,其润滑条件较差,因此容易产生磨损、变形和损坏,从而工作失常,还会出现异响和抖震等故障。叉车起步时,若车身发抖,伴有“格啦。格啦”的撞击声;行驶中还能听到底盘有一种周期性的响声,速度越快,声音越大。严重时,驾驶室振动,握住转向盘,手有麻木感。

其原因有:万向节十字轴及滚针磨损松旷或滚针断碎;各连接部分的固定螺丝松动。传动轴弯曲变形等。遇到上述故障时,可到车底查看各连接螺丝有无松动,并用手晃动传动轴,即可检测出磨损部位;将后轮架起、挂档转动,可观查传动轴震动及异响情况;也可就车用千分表检测传动轴变形量,查明原因之后,分别予以修复。

传动轴总成动平衡状态一旦破坏,会在工作中受离心力造成的附加动载荷作用,易产生弯曲变形,引起传动轴振动噪声,增大动载荷,传动效率下降,加速零件的损坏。使用中传动轴意外撞击,拆装时敲击变形,堆焊后零件的相互位置精度破坏等等,均将使传动轴总成的旋转质量中心偏离旋转轴线,破坏其平衡性能。  

养护时,要对十字轴承加注润滑脂;检查十字轴承有无松旷时、将变速器挂空档,松开驻车制动器,双手紧握传动轴轴管,左右用力急剧转动,不应有明显的松旷量,必要时拆下分解修复。传动轴养护时还要检查紧固件是否固定牢靠,传动轴外表和弯曲度,必要时修复。  

传动轴维修装配前,须将其各部件清洗干净,尤其是十字轴的油道、轴颈和滚针轴承等处,宜以洁净的煤油洗净并用压缩空气吹干。配合面上涂以润滑脂,对合标记后装复。万向节装复后,应转动灵活并无明显间隙,也不能有发卡现象。 

叉车变速箱与驱动桥之间采用传动轴联接。该型叉车传动轴由突缘叉、万向节、十字轴及轴承等组成,十字轴上装有润滑油杯,可由此注入润滑油,润滑各轴承。当十字轴在滚针轴承中产生过大的间隙时,应拆开传动抽,根据磨损情况更换十字轴或滚针轴承(必须成对更换)。轴承润滑应选用锂基润滑脂。绝对禁止用较稠润滑脂(如钙基润滑脂)润滑,因为使用稠质油会加速轴承或十字轴的磨损。

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