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汽车轮子轴承没有润滑油,为啥不烧坏?

2025-02-17

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之前车型的车轮轴承是很容易损坏的,因为使用的滚珠轴承,不能实现完全密封,全靠润滑油来抵抗磨损。用不了几万公里就出现旷量了,无法修复,采取直接更换的方法,所以也不会重复涂润滑油。

现在汽车多使用的为圆锥形状轴承和轴承单元,已经发展到四代了,这种样式可以有效分散车轮冲击带来的轴向力,但同样是存在润滑油的,只是不需要定期涂抹而已。

烧不坏的原因还有如下几种情况:

使用到一定里程后轴承滚柱变形就直接替换了,不会重复涂抹润滑油。

不是没有润滑油,而是使用的免维护的轴承,所以烧不坏。

车辆在出厂前已经充分涂抹轴承,所以烧不坏。

路况良好,颠簸减少,对轴承的损伤变小,所以不容易出现问题。

也就是说我们看不见的不代表没有,只是这项工作已经提前做完了。

轮毂轴承的发展历程:

一代轮毂轴承:

利用两个角接触滚珠轴承相结合,外圈作为一体式,调好工作间隙后一次性润滑,无需维护寿命在5万公里左右。

二代轮毂轴承:

使用与一代轴承相同的原理,但外圈又增加了一个支撑座,提高刚性减少轴承的受力点,寿命在10万公里左右。

三代轮毂轴承:

在第二代的基础上,再增加与万向节连接的凸缘,让轴承只是转动而几乎不受力,有效提升可靠性,寿命可以使用15-20万公里。

四代轮毂轴承:

在第三代的基础上,增加球头外壳,同时提高轮毂轴承精度,半轴驱动力和轮胎振动力都更加分散,轴承基本只是转动而不受力。

延长轴承使用寿命的几点建议:

在日常用车过程中,遇到过减速带、颠簸不平等路况时,提前松油门减速,让车辆平缓通过;

避免急加速和急刹车,没错,急加速和急刹车不仅对发动机产生不利影响,同时这种车况产生的力矩会与车身结构形成一种反向力,长期如此会损伤车辆底盘,轮胎以及避震器和轴承;

在更换轴承时,即使只坏了一侧的,建议成对更换,因为一个新的一个旧的,新的会承重更多,磨损更快;

像半轴球头轴承,这个部位只有轴套简单密封,容易聚集灰尘和颗粒物,是需要定期涂抹润滑油的,不然会比较容易损坏的。

(来源:柴油车服务俱乐部)

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