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电机轴承故障检测判别

2024-10-09

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轴承问题是电动机常见的问题,电机轴承损坏时,电动机的转子将与磁极铁心相擦,继而升温破环绕组绝缘。假如对电机的振动问题置之不理,则会致使电机的长期损坏或立即损坏,更会直接致使生产损失。因此一定要重视电机轴承的维护保养,电机轴承问题的检查维修和换新是电动机设备故障检查维修的关键步骤,可以直接影响到电动机检查维修的总体效果。接下来具体给各位分享的是的电机轴承常见问题的判断。

一、电动机滚动轴承的检测 

1)电动机运转中的检测在电动机运转中,可以用螺丝刀抵着电动机的电机轴承外盖上,耳朵贴手柄上听声响,若有“格拉”、“格擦”异声,就证明有问题。也可以使用电机轴承检查仪完成检测。

2)电机轴承升温的检测用温度计测量滚动轴承温度,环境温度应控制在55℃以内。

3)被检测的电机轴承拆卸后,先清理废油,用汽油或煤油清洗脏污,拿布擦净或用压缩空气吹干,再完成检测。没有问题的滚动轴承,加工平面干净,无划伤、裂痕或锈斑;里外滚动轴承环无裂纹;用力滚动轻快、灵活、均匀,无阻滞、卡顿或过松状况;用塞尺检测滚动轴承磨损状况。

二、电动机滚动轴承问题判断

电机轴承的问题主要体现在为温度过高和声响异常两类。

大部分状况下在电动机运转过程中,若电机轴承温度高于85℃,说明电机轴承发生温度过高问题。其具体原可能是因为装配不正、端盖止口未合紧,使两端滚动轴承孔不同心或滚动轴承损坏,都会使滚动轴承摩擦而升温。电机轴承里外圈破损、生锈,滚珠破损、松动;滚动轴承外盖的孔与转轴相擦或滚动轴承外盖对滚动轴承的压力太大等。此外还有电机轴承外圈与端盖之间或滚动轴承内圈与转轴之间配合过松而造成摩擦升温。

没有问题的电机轴承在运转中应声响均匀,声响正常。比较常见的异常声响有:

1)明显的滚动及振动声,说明电机轴承间隙过大;

2)声响发哑,音调厚重,很有可能是由于润滑油中有其它杂物;

3)不规则的撞击声,则证明滚珠或滚动轴承圈有破损状况;

4)滚动轴承如果有尖叫声,并夹有滚动声,则说明严重缺油。

电机轴承发生问题,一般按照产生的原因,采取有效的措施,便可解决。如果是电动机轴承间隙过大或损坏,大部分难以維修,只需换新同样型号的电机轴承就可以解决。

来源:电机实用技术探析

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