Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 240
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 240
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 240
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 24
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 24
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 24
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
2025-01-20
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 27
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 27
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 27
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
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Function: require_once
液压油是液压系统的生命线，它将液压系统中各类元件沟通起来成为一个有机的整体，据统计，液压系统中75%-85%的故障与液压油有关。液压油的质量和清洁度是保证系统运行可靠、高效率和使用寿命的决定性因素。
液压油的功用
•有效地传递能量和信号；
•吸收和传送系统所产生的热量；
•润滑运动部件，减少摩擦和磨损，防止锈蚀等。
盾构机中关于润滑
润滑油膜可因高压、选油不当、低粘性、太慢或太快的滑转而破损，导致润滑失效。除粘结外，部件损伤也可由磨损、疲劳和腐蚀引起：
1）当液压油被污染或未进行适当的过滤而存在硬的微粒（磨削金属、沙等）时，部件间互相滑动会引起部件磨损；
2） 部件的气蚀可带来疲劳损伤；
3）液压油中进水可导致泵轴承损伤，并可导致设备受到腐蚀；
4）长期闲置和选用不当的液压油可导致部件受到腐蚀损伤。
油液清洁度控制
固体颗粒污染是液压系统发生故障的主要原因之一，大尺寸固体颗粒可直接导致系统故障，小杂质颗粒可引起元件持续的磨损加剧。
目前，最常用的清洁度分级的标准是ISO4406和NAS1638。ISO4406在世界范围内被普遍认可，但在中国目前采用最多的是NAS清洁度表示，NAS1638采用下表进行表示：
通过分析检测，取级别最高的作为该油品的清洁度等级。
为延长部件使用寿命，需要了解ISO4406油液清洁度等级的具体要求，根据设备压力和设备元件的敏感性，确定油液清洁度，具有最高清洁度要求的元件决定了整个系统所需要的清洁度。虽然NAS1638和ISO4406之间没有简单的对应和换算公式，但根据经验，它们之间存在略等于的换算关联，详见下表（供参考）。
新油通常不能达到要求的清洁度等级，因此在注油前要先进行过滤，以确保达到要求的清洁度等级。
来源：地下装备液压流体俱乐部
（版权归原作者或机构所有）
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 64
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 64
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant APP_ID - assumed 'APP_ID'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
Severity: Notice
Message: Use of undefined constant SEC_KEY - assumed 'SEC_KEY'
Filename: database/translate.php
Line Number: 69
Backtrace:
File: D:\database\translate.php
Line: 69
Function: _error_handler
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\views\news\knowledgePage.php
Line: 36
Function: lang
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\application\controllers\news.php
Line: 248
Function: view
File: D:\wwwroot\blfsy.com\index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once
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